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一、古鳥(niǎo)亞綱(Archaeornithes) 或蜥尾亞綱(Saururae)始祖鳥(niǎo)目(Archaeopterygiformes)二、新鳥(niǎo)亞綱(Neornithes)或扇尾亞綱(Ornithurae)1、齒頜超目(Odontognathae)2、平胸超目(Ratitae)或古頜超目(Palaeognathae)3、楔翼超目(Impennes)4、突胸超目(Carinatage)或新頜超目(Neognathae)[家族樹(shù)]鳥(niǎo)綱Aves | |一、古鳥(niǎo)亞綱 Archaeornithes(晰尾亞綱Saururae) |1、始祖鳥(niǎo) Archaeopteryx | | |----亞綱目科未定 Incertae sedis |2、原始熱河鳥(niǎo)Jeholornis prima | |3、朝陽(yáng)會(huì)鳥(niǎo)Sapeornis chaoyangensis | |4、長(zhǎng)尾雁蕩鳥(niǎo)Yandangornis longicaudus || `--張吉營(yíng)錦州鳥(niǎo)Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia | || `--孔子鳥(niǎo)目Confuciusornithiformes |`--孔子鳥(niǎo)科Confuciusornithidae ||--川州孔子鳥(niǎo)Confuciusornis chuonzhous ||--杜氏孔子鳥(niǎo)Confuciusornis dui ||--圣賢孔子鳥(niǎo)Confuciusornis sanctus ||--孫氏孔子鳥(niǎo)Confuciusornis suniae |`--橫道長(zhǎng)城鳥(niǎo)Changchengornishengdaoziensis | | |----反鳥(niǎo)亞綱Enantiornithes ||--始反鳥(niǎo)目Eoenantiornithiformes || `--始反鳥(niǎo)科Eoenantiornithidae || `--步氏始反鳥(niǎo)Eoenantiornis buhleri ||--華夏鳥(niǎo)目Cathayornithiformes || |--中國(guó)鳥(niǎo)科Sinornithidae || | `--三塔中國(guó)鳥(niǎo)Sinornis santensis | | |--華夏鳥(niǎo)科Cathayornithidae | | | |--有尾華夏鳥(niǎo)Cathayornis caudatus | | | |--燕都華夏鳥(niǎo)Cathayornis yandica | | | `--三燕龍城鳥(niǎo)Longchengornis sanyanensis | | `--尖嘴鳥(niǎo)科Cuspirostrisornithidae | | |--侯氏尖嘴鳥(niǎo)Cuspirostrisornis houi | | `--六齒大嘴鳥(niǎo)Largirostrornis sexdentoinis | |--長(zhǎng)翼鳥(niǎo)目Longipterygiformes | | `--長(zhǎng)翼鳥(niǎo)科Longipterygidae | | `--朝陽(yáng)長(zhǎng)翼鳥(niǎo)Longipteryx chaoyangensis | `--目科未定 Incertae sedis | |--鄭氏波羅赤鳥(niǎo)Boluochia zhengi | |--灤河冀北鳥(niǎo)Jibeinia luanhera | |--嬌小遼西鳥(niǎo)Liaoxiornis delicatus | |--成吉思汗鄂托克鳥(niǎo)Otogornis genghisi | `--豐寧原羽鳥(niǎo)Protopteryx fengningensis | `----今鳥(niǎo)亞綱(扇尾亞綱)Ornithurae |--突胸總目Carinatae | `--魚(yú)鳥(niǎo)目Ichthyornithiformes | |--魚(yú)鳥(niǎo)Ichthyornis | `--虛椎鳥(niǎo)Apatornis |--黃昏鳥(niǎo)目Hesperornithiformes | `--黃昏鳥(niǎo)科Hesperornithidae | `--黃昏鳥(niǎo)亞科Hesperornithinae | `--黃昏鳥(niǎo)Hesperornis |--遼寧鳥(niǎo)目Liaoningornithiformes | `--遼寧鳥(niǎo)科Liaoningornithidae | `--長(zhǎng)趾遼寧鳥(niǎo)Liaoningornis langiditris |--朝陽(yáng)鳥(niǎo)目Chaoyangiformes | |--朝陽(yáng)鳥(niǎo)科Chaoyangidae | | `--北山朝陽(yáng)鳥(niǎo)Chaoyangia beishanensis | `--松嶺鳥(niǎo)科 Songlingornithidae | `--凌河松嶺鳥(niǎo)Songlingornis linghensis |--燕鳥(niǎo)目Yanornithiformes | `--燕鳥(niǎo)科Yanornithidae | `--馬氏燕鳥(niǎo)Yanornis martini `--目科未定 Incertae sedis `--葛氏義縣鳥(niǎo)Yixianornis grabaui -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 今鳥(niǎo)亞綱 分類表II --今鳥(niǎo)亞綱(扇尾亞綱)Ornithurae == {今鳥(niǎo)亞綱+ 黃昏鳥(niǎo)} |--+--神翼鳥(niǎo)Apsaravis | `--突胸總目Carinatae == {今鳥(niǎo)亞綱 + 魚(yú)鳥(niǎo)} | | 未定: | | 未命名(接近完整的骨骼)- Campanian to Maastrichtian -- 蒙古 | |--魚(yú)鳥(niǎo)目Ichthyornithiformes =Apatornithiformes | | | 未定: | | | 未命名-- 北美洲 | | |?-虛椎鳥(niǎo)Apatornis | | `--魚(yú)鳥(niǎo)Ichthyornis | `--+--閾鳥(niǎo)Limenavis | `--+?-石板鳥(niǎo)類Lithornithiformes | `---->今鳥(niǎo)亞綱Neornithes `---->黃昏鳥(niǎo)目Hesperornithiformes --黃昏鳥(niǎo)目Hesperornithiformes Hesperornis forms |--大洋鳥(niǎo)Enaliornis `--+--帕斯基亞鳥(niǎo)Pasquiaornis `--+--潛水鳥(niǎo)Baptornis |--尤氏鳥(niǎo)Judinornis `--黃昏鳥(niǎo)科Hesperornithidae | 未定: | 白堊鳥(niǎo)Coniornis |--亞洲黃昏鳥(niǎo)Asiahesperornis |--似斯堪鳥(niǎo)Parascaniornis `--黃昏鳥(niǎo)亞科Hesperornithinae |--黃昏鳥(niǎo)Hesperornis `--似黃昏鳥(niǎo)Parahesperornis --今鳥(niǎo)亞綱Neornithes new birds =Aves sensu Gauthier, 1986 |--古腭超目Palaeognathae old jaws =Palaeognathia =Eoaves | | 未定: | | Eremopezus | | Remiornis | | Stromeria | |?-Eleutherornithidae * | |--鷸鴕目Tinamiformes Tinamus (tinamou) forms (tinamous) | `--平胸總目Ratitae =Ratiti | |--Apteryges | | |--無(wú)翼鳥(niǎo)目Apterygiformes (kiwis) | | |?-恐鳥(niǎo)目Dinornithiformes (moa) * | | `?-Dromornithiformes (mihirung) * | `--Struthiones | |--隆鳥(niǎo)目Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds) * | `--+--鶴鴕目Casuariiformes (cassowaries, emus) | `--+--美洲鴕目Rheiformes (rheas) | `--鴕形目Struthioniformes (ostriches) `--新腭超目Neognathae new jaws =Neognathia =Neoaves |--雞形小綱Galloanserae | |?-雁形目Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans, screamers, Presbyornis, Gastornis?) | `?-雞形目Galliformes (turkeys, grouse, quails, pheasants, peafowl, etc.) `--+--擬鶉科Mesitornithidae `--+?-鷺科Ardeidae (herons) |--Eurypygoidea |--Otides |?-Rhynchoceti |--Gruimorphae | |--鶴形目Gruiformes (cranes, rails, etc.) | `?-Podicepiformes (grebes) |--Charadriomorphae | |--Graculavidae * | |--Ciconiimorphae | | |--紅鸛科Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos) | | `--+--鸛形目Ciconiiformes (storks, spoonbills?, New World vultures?, etc.) | | `--+--鵜形目Pelecaniformes (pelicans, frigate birds, gannets, boobies, cormorants, anhingas, etc.) | | `--+--嚄形目Procellariformes (albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters, etc.) | | `--+--潛鳥(niǎo)目Gaviiformes (loons) | | `--企鵝目Sphenisciformes (penguins) | `--+--Burnithidae | `--鸻形目Charadriiformes | |--Charadriida (avocets, etc.) | |?-瓣蹼鷸科Phalaropodidae (phalaropes) | |--鷸小目Scolopacida (jacanas, etc.) | |--+--鷗科Laridae | | `?-Sternidae | |--+--賊鷗科Stercorariidae | | `--蟹鸻科Dromadidae | `--+--三趾鶉科Turnicidae (button quails) | `?-+--Pteroclidiformes | `--+--鴿形目Columbiformes (pigeons, doves, sandgrouse, dodo) | `--鸚形目Psittaciformes (cockatoos, parrots) `--+--Cariamae (phorusrhacids, etc.) `--+--+?-隼形目Falconiformes (falcons, caracaras) | `?-Opisthocomiformes (hoatzins, Foro?) `--+?-鵑形目Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) `--+?-鶚科Pandionidae (ospreys) |?-蛇鷲科Sagittariidae (secretary birds) |--+?-蕉鵑目Musophagiformes (turacos, etc.) | `?-Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, Old World vultures, Horusornis?) `--Anomalogonatae | 未定: | Zygodactylus |--鼠鳥(niǎo)目Coliiformes (mousebirds) |--Sandcoleiformes * |--+--鸮形目Strigiformes (owls) | `--+--雨燕目Apodiformes (swifts, hummingbirds) | `--夜鷹目Caprimulgiformes (goatsuckers) `--+--佛法僧目Coraciiformes (rollers, courols, etc.) `--+--咬鵑目Trogoniformes (trogons, todies, motmots, bee eaters, kingfishers, etc.) `--犀鳥(niǎo)形總目Bucerotimorphae |--犀鳥(niǎo)目Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes, etc.) `--+--啄木鳥(niǎo)目(鴷形目)Piciformes (barbets, toucans, woodpeckers, etc.) `--雀形目Passeriformes (songbirds, etc.) 備注： 蜥鳥(niǎo)亞綱(Sauriurae)這個(gè)分類建議不用目前它不是一個(gè)自然類群，多數(shù)學(xué)者不承認(rèn)。 很多讀者質(zhì)疑川州孔子鳥(niǎo)是不是(C. chuonzhous[按照拼音應(yīng)該是C. chuanzhous]) 答案是肯定的。然而這個(gè)種是不是真的成立，還有很大疑問(wèn)。 Jibeinia為 冀北鳥(niǎo) 沒(méi)有河北鳥(niǎo)該屬名石板鳥(niǎo)類(Lithornithiformes)之石板鳥(niǎo)(Lithornis)乃早期的最古老的日行性猛禽，始新世，英國(guó)。